ASL Recommended Literature¶

Key manuscripts in perfusion MRI, curated by OSIPI Task Force 5.2 for those getting started.

Seminal Papers¶

• John A. Detre, John S. Leigh, Donald S. Williams, Alan P. Koretsky. Perfusion Imaging
• Kim SG. Quantification of relative cerebral blood flow change by flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) technique: application to functional mapping.
• Alsop DC, Detre JA. Reduced transit-time sensitivity in noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of human cerebral blood flow. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab.1996; Nov;16(6):1236-49.
• Edelman RR, Chen Q. EPISTAR MRI: multislice mapping of cerebral blood flow. Magn Reson Med. 1998 Dec;40(6):800-5.
• Wong EC, et al. Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med. 2006 Jun;55(6):1334-41.
• Buxton RB, Frank LR, Wong EC, et al. A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med ; 1998; 40:383–396.
• Wong EC, et al. Quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction (QUIPSS and QUIPSS II). Magn Reson Med. 1998 May;39(5):702-8.

Labeling Methods¶

• Maccotta L, Detre JA, Alsop DC. The efficiency of adiabatic inversion for perfusion imaging by arterial spin labeling. NMR Biomed 1997; 10: 216– 221
• Dai W, Garcia D, De Bazelaire C, Alsop DC. Continuous flow-driven inversion for arterial spin labeling using pulsed radio frequency and gradient fields. Magn Reson Med 2008; 60:1488–1497
• Wong EC. Vessel-encoded arterial spin-labeling using pseudocontinuous tagging. Magn Reson Med. 2007 Dec;58(6):1086-91.
• Jia Guo, Shaurov Das, and Luis Hernandez‐Garcia. "Comparison of velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling schemes." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 85.4 (2021): 2027-2039.
• Wong EC, et al. Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med. 2006 Jun;55(6):1334-41.
• Qin Qin, and Peter CM van Zijl. "Velocity‐selective‐inversion prepared arterial spin labeling." Magnetic resonance in medicine 76.4 (2016): 1136-1148.

Readout schemes in ASL¶

• Vidorreta M, Wang Z, Chang Y V, et al. Whole-brain background-suppressed pCASL MRI with 1D-accelerated 3D RARE Stack-Of- Spirals readout. PLoS ONE 12:1–16. 2017
• Okell, T. Combined angiography and perfusion using radial imaging and arterial spin labeling." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 81.1 (2019): 182-194.

Modeling¶

• Buxton RB, Frank LR, Wong EC, Siewert B, Warach S, Edelman RR. A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med; 1998; 40:383–396.
• Parkes, Laura M. "Quantification of cerebral perfusion using arterial spin labeling: two‐compartment models." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Official Journal of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 22.6 (2005): 732-736.
• Woods, Joseph G., Michael A. Chappell, and Thomas W. Okell. "Designing and comparing optimized pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling protocols for measurement of cerebral blood flow." Neuroimage 223 (2020): 117246.

The ASL White Paper¶

• Alsop DC, et al. Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the european consortium for ASL in dementia. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:102–116.

The ASL grey papers¶

• Qin Q, et al. Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI: A review of the state of the art and recommendations for clinical implementation. Magn Reson Med. 2022;88(4):1528-1547.
• Hernandez-Garcia L, et al. Recent Technical Developments in ASL: A Review of the State of the Art. Magn Reson Med. 2022;88(5):2021-2042
• Taso M, et al. Update on state-of-the-art for arterial spin labeling (ASL) human perfusion imaging outside of the brain. Magn Reson Med. 2023;89(5):1754-1776.
• Lindner T, et al. Current state and guidance on arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in clinical neuroimaging. Magn Reson Med. 2023;89(5):2024-2047.
• Woods J, et al. Quantitative Cerebral Perfusion MRI using Multi-timepoint Arterial Spin Labeling: Recommendations and Clinical Applications. Magn Reson Med (in review)

Other recommended papers and educational material¶

• Wong EC. An introduction to ASL labeling techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014 Jul;40(1):1-10. Revised:
• Michael Chappell, Bradley MacIntosh, and Thomas Okell. ​​Introduction to Perfusion Quantification using Arterial Spin Labelling Oxford Neuroimaging Primers
• Grade M et al. A neuroradiologist’s guide to arterial spin labeling MRI in clinical practice. Neuroradiology. 2015 57:1181–202.
• Clement P et al. Variability of physiological brain perfusion in healthy subjects - A systematic review of modifiers. Considerations for multi-center ASL studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018 Sep;38(9):1418-1437
• Aguirre GK, Detre J a., Wang J. Perfusion fMRI for Functional Neuroimaging. Int Rev Neurobiol 2005; 66:213–236
• Haller S, Zaharchuk G, Thomas DL, Lovblad KO, Barkhof F, Golay X. Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion of the Brain: Emerging Clinical Applications. Radiology. 2016 Nov;281(2):337-356.
• Odudu A et al. Arterial spin labelling MRI to measure renal perfusion: a systematic review and statement paper. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018 Sep 1;33(suppl_2):ii15-ii21
• Nery F et al. Consensus-based technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal ASL MRI. MAGMA. 2020 Feb;33(1):141-161

Processing Tools¶

• Clement P et al. ASL-BIDS, the brain imaging data structure extension for arterial spin labeling.
• Clement P et al. A beginner's guide to arterial spin labeling (ASL) image processing.
• Mutsaerts H et al. ExploreASL: An image processing pipeline for multi-center ASL perfusion MRI studies
• Adebimpe A et al. ASLPrep: a platform for processing of arterial spin labeled MRI and quantification of regional brain perfusion. Nat Methods 2022 Jun;19(6):683-686.